A comparative study of the character of Ibrahim Adham in Tabaghat Sufia, Tazkirat al-Awliya and Nafahaat ol-Ons

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Literature and Human Sciences Department, ّFerdowsi university, Mashhad, Iran Persian Literature Department, Farhangian university, Kerman, Iran

2 Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Mashhad, Iran

3 Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

10.29252/kavosh.2020.1922

Abstract

Tabaghat Sufia of Ansari (fifth century) and Tazkirat al-Awliya of Attar (sixth century) and Nafahaat ol-Ons of Jami (ninth century) are among the biographies written in three consecutive periods with the sole purpose of teaching the basics of Sufism according to the intellectual attributes. These works explore the personality traits of some scholars including Ibraham Adham. Adham was one of the great Sufis of the second century. He has attracted the attention of biographers due to his significant role in the evolution of the principles of asceticism. This study casts a look at the historical works of Sufis until the time of Jamie and focuses on the Sufi character of Ibraham Adham and some of his beliefs comparatively as presented in the above-mentioned biographies. The results of the study show that Sufism is central to Adham’s character, and Ansari prefers him to other Sufis as an ascetic and a rhetorician. In Tazkirat al-Awliya, however, the humanity side of Adham is highlighted, and he is considered as a man who is on the path of humanity, free thinking, popular campaign and morality.. This study also provides possible reasons for the difference of attitudes in this regard. As a general finding, Ansari is more concerned with Sufism and Sufi ways, Attar deals more with artistic aspects and Jami prefers reasoning approaches.

Keywords

References

A)   Books                                                                                                       
The Holy Quran. (1988), Translated by Elahi Ghomshei, Tehran: Quran Publishing Foundation.
Ibn al-Jawzi, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Faraj, (1996), Saffah al-Safwa, Edited: Lakdi, second edition. Beirut: Dar Al Marifa,
Ibn Khallakan, Shams al-Din bin Muhammad, (1996), Vafiat al-Ayan and Abna al-Banan al-Zaman, Beirut: al-Tahghigh
Ibn Asakir, Ali Ibn al-Husayn, (2000), The History of the Great Damascus, Investigator: Abu Abdullah Ali Ashour al-Janoubi Beirut: Dar al-Ehya al-Tares al-Arabi
 
Ibn Imad, Shihab al-Din Abd al-Hayy bin Ahmad, (1988), Shazarat al-Zahab in Akhbar from Zahab, with the investigation of Abd al-Qadir al-Arna'out, Damascus: Dar Ibn Katheer.
Ibn Kathir, Ismail bin Omar, (1986), al-Badayeh and al-Nahaye, with the investigation of Abd al-Qadir al-Arnaout, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Ibn Najjar al-Baghdadi, Muhammad bin Mahmoud, (2004), al-Mostafad from the tail of the history of Baghdad, the selection of Ibn al-Damiati, Beirut: Dar Al-Kutob Al-Elmieh.
Ibn Nadim, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, (1967), al-Fihrist, translated by Muhammad Reza Taajdad, Tehran: Bank Bazargani, Iran.
Abu Na`im, Ahmad bin Abdullah, (PTA) Hilyat al-Awliya and Tabaqat As-Safiyyah, Warda: Kamal Hut, Yusuf Qaherah: Dar Umm al-Qura.
 Abu Na`im, Ahmed bin Abdullah, (1997), Hailiyat al-Awliya and Tabaqat al-Asfayyat, with the investigation of Mustafa Abdel Qader, Atta, Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Elmieh
Akhout, Ahmad, (2013), Dastoor Zaban Dastan, Isfahan: Farda.
Al-Zahabi, Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Ahmed, (PTA), The history of Islam and the media, investigator: Saad Yusef Mahmoud Abu Aziz Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqia.
Al-ةahabi, Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad, (1993), Biography of the flags of the nobles, Investigator / Editor: Sha'ayb al-Arna`ut, the eleventh edition, Beirut: The institution of al-Rasalah
Al-Safadi, Salah al-Din Khalil (1999), Al-Wafi in al-Wafayat, investigator / editor: Ahmed Al-Aarnaout, Beirut: Dar Al-Ahya al-Taras al-Arabi
Ansari, Khawaja Abdullah. (1984), Tabaqat al-Sufiyya, correction: Muhammad Surur Mawlayi, Tehran: Tous.
Brahni, Reda, (2013), Ghesenevisi, Tehran: Negah.
 
Jamy, Abdul-Rahman (2015), Nafhat-alans, Introduction and Correction: Mahmoud Abdi, Tehran: Heat.
Radwanian, Qudsi, (2010), Sakhtar Dastani ‌ Hakayit‌hai Irfani, Tehran: Heat.
Sollmi, Muhammad ibn Husayn, (2004), Tabaqat al-Sufiyah, Beirut: Scientific Books.
Samani, Abd al-Karim bin Muhammad, (2003), genealogy, corrected: Abd al-Rahman bin Yahya, Hyderabad: The Council of the Ottoman Encyclopedia.
Attar Neeshapuri, Fareeddin, (2014), Tazkerat al-Avlyia, by Koshish Muhammad Istali, Tehran: Zovar.
Qushari, Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Karim, Abu Ali Usmani, (1995), translation of Rasul Qushari, investigator / editor: Badi` al-Zaman, Foruzanfer, Ja Harim, Tehran: Elami and Farhang.
Katbi, Muhammad Bin Shakir, (Beta), Fovat al-Vafiat and al-Zil Alayha, by Abbas Ihsan, Qom: Al-Sharif Al-Radi.
Moustafa Bukhari, Ismail, (1984) Explanation of recognition of Sufism, Tehran: Asatir.
Mujtabaie, Fatehallah, (2014). “Abraham Adham,” The great Islamic Encyclopedia, volume 2, Tehran: The center of great Islamic Encyclopedia,
 
B)  PAPER
Abalbashri, Peyman, Ali Yahyaei, Gholamhsin Nawati, (2011), “Narrations and the elements of biography of Abraham Adham and their dependence with Ann Ba Power and Adab Boudai”, Gestarhay Adabi, Voulme 175, pp. 35-50.
 
Gholamhsinzadeh, Gholamhsin, (2004), “Analysis of the story Character of Abraham Adham based on Mathnawi Mawlawi”, Literary Researches Journal, Volume 16, 161-182.
Muezzin, Ali Muhammad, Muhammad Ragheb, (2011). « Repentance of Abraham Adham in view of the Narrative Science, Journal of the Department of Literature and Human Sciences, Volume 179, pp. 1-20
Hatafi Moomard, Gholamrza, Amirhossein Hammati, Asghar Ridhapurian, (2017), “One narrate and eight narrates of the repentance of Abraham Adham's repentance.” Mystical and mythological literature, Volume 4, pp. 243-278
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Volume 21, Issue 45 - Serial Number 45
September 2020
Pages 43-68

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics