Examining the transformation of the lyrical genre of romantic poetry under the impact of modernity

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shiraz University

2 PhD student in Persian language and literature, Shiraz University

10.29252/kavosh.2021.15442.2946

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to study the transformation and evolution of contemporary Persian romantic poetry under the influence of modernity. This study is a documentary one conducted through a qualitative content analysis to answer a fundamental research question. First, the social effects of modernity on love and romantic relationships are explored from the viewpoints of thinkers and sociologists such as Bowman, Giddens, Thompson, and Berman. Then, the romantic transformations of the Persian poetry under the influence of this thinking are studied and explained in the form of ten ideas. The research question is ‘how can the popular genre of love in the realm of the Persian literature be transformed in concordance with social phenomena and evolutions?’ The findings show that ideas such as relativism, assertive self-presence, two-way dialogue, equality and freedom, scientism, and empiricism proposed by modernity have profoundly transformed the lyrical and romantic genre in the contemporary Persian poetry and have presented a different mode of thinking by offering courtship and pure love. The society has affected the realm of love in the Persian literature with its ongoing potentials and changed men’s attitudes, which has, in turn, changed the nature of their personalities. This has ultimately altered the position of love as a legendary and internal sensation into a real and sometimes social state. 

Keywords


  • Ajoodani, Masha-allah (2002). Either death or modernism, a book about the poetry of Persian Constitutional Revolution. London: Fasl-e-Ketab publishing.
  • Barthes, Rolland (2012). A Lover's Discourse. Translated by Payam Yazdanjoo. Tehran: Markaz.
  • Behfar, Mehdi (2002). Love in the benighted passages. Tehran: Hirmand.
  • Brookshire Thompson, John (2001). The Media and Modernity, translated by Masoud Owhadi. Tehran: Soroush.
  • Zweig, Stefan (2010). Nietzsche, Translated by Leyli Golestan. Tehran: Markaz.
  • Tofighi, Hosein (2009). Understanding major religions, 11th Tehran: Semat.
  • Jafari, Masoud (2008). Romanticism’s progress in Iran. Tehran: Markaz publishing.
  • Jalali, Bijan (2003). The poem of silence. Tehran: Morvarid.
  • Hafez-e-Shirazi (1997). Hafez From Mardani’s point of view, with efforts of Mehdi taghi nejad. Tehran: Sedaa publishing.
  • Hasanli, Kavous (2004). Types of modernism in today’s poetry. Tehran: Saales.
  • Hoseinpour-e-Jaafi, Ali (2012). Farsi contemporary poetry movements, 3rd Tehran: Amirkabir.
  • Khaajaat, Behzad (2013). Iranian romanticism. Tehran: Bamdad-e-nou.
  • Dehghani, Mohammad (2009). The temptation of loving. Tehran: Javaneh-e-roshd.
  • Dyanoush, Iliya (2010). Lullaby with a trumpet; aphorism of contemporary poets. Tehran: Morvarid.
  • Saadi (2002). Complete works of Saadi, with the efforts of Mohammad ali Foroughi. Tehran: Amirkabir.
  • Shaamlou, Ahmad (2002). Collected works. Tehran: Zamaneh.
  • Shafiei Kadkani, Mohammadreza (2012). With lamp and mirror. Tehran: Sokhan.
  • Shamisa, Sirous (2007). Progress of drinking song in Persian poetry. Tehran: Elm.
  • Farokhzad, Forough (1993). Book of poems. Tehran: Movarid.
  • Farokhzad, Forough (2005). Forough’s Collection of poems. Tehran: Milad.
  • Fokouhi, Naaser (2011). Conversations about human and culture. Tehran: Farhang-e-jadid.
  • Kaafi, Gholamreza (2002). A touch on fire. Shiraz: Navid.
  • Kassel, Philip (1993). Abstract of Anthony Giddens books, translated by Hassan Chavoshian. Tehran: Ghoghnoos.
  • Galeh daaraan, Leyli (2001). Yousef which I didn’t eat. Shiraz: Nim Negaah.
  • Giddens, Anthony (2011). Sociology, Translated by Hassan Chavoshian. Tehran: Ney.
  • Mokhtari, Mohammad (1999). 70 years of romance. Tehran: Tirajeh.
  • Makhfi Badakhshi (1988). Collection of poems, with efforts of Habib Navaayi. Kabul: committee of publishing.
  • Medi, Arjang (1993). Love in Persian literature from the beginning until 6th century. Tehran: Institute for Social and Cultural Studies.
  • Malek Khatoon (1996). The full collection of Malek Khatoon’s poems. With efforts of Poorandokht Kashani Raad. Tehran: Zovaar.
  • Monzavi, Hosein (2011). Collection of poems, With the efforts of Mohammad Fathi. Tehran: Negaah.
  • Mousavi, Seyyed Mehdi (2015). The extinction of Persian leopard in result of endless increase in sheep quantity. Tehran: Timaareh.
  • Mousavi, Granaz (2000). The songs of the unpermitted woman. Tehran: Shaali.
  • Milani, Abbas (2003). Modernism and anti-modernism in Iran. Tehran: Akhtaraan Publishing.
  • Naderpour, Nader (2015). Collection of poems, 3rd Tehran: Negaah.
  • Nizami Ganjavi (1988). Khamsa collection, 4th Tehran: Amirkabir.
  • Nafisi, Majid (no date). Four perspectives of love in Persian literature. No place, Ketabnak.com
  • Nima Yooshij. (1992). the complete collection of poems, with efforts of siroos Taahbaaz. Tehran: Negaah.

 

Articles:

 

  • Abaazari, Yousef (2008). The sociology of Body and a few discussions, Women’s research journal, 6th series, Isuue No. 4, pages 127-128.
  • Pakdaaman, Yousef and others (2018). Social roots regarding to the evolution of love’s meaning In Persian poetry; sociological investigation of conceptual evolution of love in 9 romantic books of the 80’s. sociology journal of art and literature. 10th series, Isuue No. 1, pages 1-36.
  • Roozbeh, Mohammadreza and Ghodratollah Zarouni (2011). Analyzing the nature of beloved and the evolution progress of it in poems of Gheysar Aminpour. Bahaar-e-adab stylistics journal, Isuue No. 11, Pages 291-308
  • Roozbeh, Mohammadreza and Ghodratollah Zarouni (2012). Love towards the spouse in Iranian contemporary poetry. Journal of Lyrical Literature Researches, Isuue No. 22, pages 165-181.
  • Zaareh Jirahandeh, Maryam and Gholamreza Pirouz (2017). Sights of modern romance in contemporary romantic poetry. Journal of Lyrical Literature Researches, issue No. 28, pages 117-140.
  • Sheyfieion, Saeid (2010). Saraapa, one of the strager persian literary types. Literary studies journal, issue No. 17, pages 147-174.
  • Gholami, Hamideh and Mehdi Rezayi (2010). Vehicle and images of beloved’s face in contemporary female poets’ poems and its difference with other ages. Journal of Stylistics and Texts Analysis of Persian Poetry and Prose (Bahar-e-Adab), issue No. 3, volume No. 21, pages 353-368.
  • Koushesh, Rahim (2010). Nima and modern love songs, the collection of the articles of the 2nd national conference of studying Nima Youshij, pages 1465-1483. Babolsar: University of Mazandaran.
  • Vakili, Shervin (2004). The evolution of intimacy. Social studies book of the month, Issue No. 89, Pages 71-75.

 

 

https://mandegardaily.com

Date of Recovery: 1/7/2020