Decoding of numbers in Garshasbnameh

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

Studying in ontology reveals well that numbers are used to explain and count phenomena and present the intensity, tenuity and hyperbolic features of narrations in epic inscriptions, moreover, in many cases they have been symbolic and esoteric and as a tool, they've been representative of common concepts and meanings in the mind of man. Beside the other artistic symbols and forms like: poetry, music, miniature, drama and …, numbers as a category of symbols, have inducted these mythical meanings and belifs. This function of numbers has been striking and notable in the formation of Iranian epic inscriptions. According to mythical rendition of Garshasbnameh from Asady Toosy, much of these numbers are symbolic and mysterious in this epic- mythologic epopee. The current study, is done using library study, relies on documents and evidences from Garshasbnameh context, and shows that "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six" and "seven", have implanted much science and coded meanings in themselves in a symbolic style; this meanings and concepts represents belife and credence of ancient people and have performed basic role in their fate.

Keywords



- The Holy Quran.
- Asadi Tusi, Ali ibn-Ahmad (2010), Garshaspnameh, editted by Habib Yaghmaei, Tehran: Donyaye Ketab.

- Mircea Eliade, P.  Scholl, F. Otley and others (1388), Myth and ritual, from ancient times to today, translated by Abolghasem Esmailpour, Tehran:Ostoureh
 
- Olansi, David (1380), A New Research on Mithraism, Translated by Maryam Amini, Tehran: Cheshmeh.
.
- Boyce, Mary (1391), Zoroastrians, their religious beliefs, translated by Askar Bahrami, Tehran: Goghnous.
 
- Bahar, Mehrdad (1376),A  Research in mythologies of Iran, Tehran:Agah.
 
- ……………….., (1375), Asian Religions, Tehran: Cheshmeh.
 
- Purdavood, Ibrahim (2010), Avesta, Tehran: Donyaye Ketab.
 
 
Russell, Bertrand (1373), History of Western Philosophy, Translated by Najaf Daryabandari, Sixth Edition, Tehran: Parvaz.
 
- Zerkoli, Kheiyr al-Din (1989), Al-aalam or Qamous of Tarajom, Beirut: Dar al-elm Lelmolain.
 

- Ferdowsi, Abolghasem (1370). Shahnameh, edited by Jules Mohl, Tehran: Publishing and teaching of Islamic Revolution.

- Shayegan, Dariush (1382), Hinduism and Islamic mysticism, Tehran: Farzan Rouz.
 
 - Chevalier, Jean, Gheerbrant, Alain, (2008), Dictionary of symboles,Translated by: Sudabeh Fazaeli, Tehran: Jeyhoun.
 
- Freezer, George James, (2007), Golden Branch (Research in Magic and Religion), Translated by Kazem Firousmand, Fourth Edition, Tehran: Agah.
 

- Krasnowolska, Anna (2003), several key figures in Iranian mythology, translated by Jaleh Mottahedin, Tehran: Varjavand.
 
 - Cooper, Jane (2007), An illustrated encyclopaedia of traditional symbols, Translated by Malihe Karbassian, Tehran: Farhang nashr-e-no.
 
 - Mokhtari, Mohammad (1369), The Myth of Zaal, Tehran: Agah.
 
- Moin, Mohammad (1338), Mazdayasna and Persian Literature, Tehran: Tehran University press.
 
 - Musavi Bojnourdi, (2008),Great  Islamic Encyclopedia, Tehran: the  center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
 
 - NourAghayi, Arash, (1388), Numbers, Symbols, Myths, Tehran:Nashre Afkar Co.
 
 - Hall, James (2001), Illustrated dictionary of symbols in Eastern and Western art, translated by Roghayeh Behzadi, Tehran: Farhang Moaser.
 
 - Hook, Samuel (1391) Middle Eastern mythology, translateds by Ali Asghar Bahrami, Farangis Mazdapour, Tehran: Roshangan Publishing and Women's Studies.

- The Holy Quran.
- Asadi Tusi, Ali ibn-Ahmad (2010), Garshaspnameh, editted by Habib Yaghmaei, Tehran: Donyaye Ketab.

- Mircea Eliade, P.  Scholl, F. Otley and others (1388), Myth and ritual, from ancient times to today, translated by Abolghasem Esmailpour, Tehran:Ostoureh
 
- Olansi, David (1380), A New Research on Mithraism, Translated by Maryam Amini, Tehran: Cheshmeh.
.
- Boyce, Mary (1391), Zoroastrians, their religious beliefs, translated by Askar Bahrami, Tehran: Goghnous.
 
- Bahar, Mehrdad (1376),A  Research in mythologies of Iran, Tehran:Agah.
 
- ……………….., (1375), Asian Religions, Tehran: Cheshmeh.
 
- Purdavood, Ibrahim (2010), Avesta, Tehran: Donyaye Ketab.
 
 
Russell, Bertrand (1373), History of Western Philosophy, Translated by Najaf Daryabandari, Sixth Edition, Tehran: Parvaz.
 
- Zerkoli, Kheiyr al-Din (1989), Al-aalam or Qamous of Tarajom, Beirut: Dar al-elm Lelmolain.
 

- Ferdowsi, Abolghasem (1370). Shahnameh, edited by Jules Mohl, Tehran: Publishing and teaching of Islamic Revolution.

- Shayegan, Dariush (1382), Hinduism and Islamic mysticism, Tehran: Farzan Rouz.
 
 - Chevalier, Jean, Gheerbrant, Alain, (2008), Dictionary of symboles,Translated by: Sudabeh Fazaeli, Tehran: Jeyhoun.
 
- Freezer, George James, (2007), Golden Branch (Research in Magic and Religion), Translated by Kazem Firousmand, Fourth Edition, Tehran: Agah.
 

- Krasnowolska, Anna (2003), several key figures in Iranian mythology, translated by Jaleh Mottahedin, Tehran: Varjavand.
 
 - Cooper, Jane (2007), An illustrated encyclopaedia of traditional symbols, Translated by Malihe Karbassian, Tehran: Farhang nashr-e-no.
 
 - Mokhtari, Mohammad (1369), The Myth of Zaal, Tehran: Agah.
 
- Moin, Mohammad (1338), Mazdayasna and Persian Literature, Tehran: Tehran University press.
 
 - Musavi Bojnourdi, (2008),Great  Islamic Encyclopedia, Tehran: the  center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
 
 - NourAghayi, Arash, (1388), Numbers, Symbols, Myths, Tehran:Nashre Afkar Co.
 
 - Hall, James (2001), Illustrated dictionary of symbols in Eastern and Western art, translated by Roghayeh Behzadi, Tehran: Farhang Moaser.
 
 - Hook, Samuel (1391) Middle Eastern mythology, translateds by Ali Asghar Bahrami, Farangis Mazdapour, Tehran: Roshangan Publishing and Women's Studies.