The present article is a general attempt to study the effects of mass media (independent variable) on culture (dependent variable). To this end, first, a definition of culture is made through studying different views. Second, certain criteria are identified for communication and mass media, and, finally, the mechanism through which mass media are affecting is assessed. After a one-week instructional treatment, a post-test was administered. The post-test was parallel in nature to the pretest, i.e. it included the same four grammatical features. A two-sample t-test showed a significant effect for the instruction aimed by this study (df= 59, t= 3.49, p= 0.001). In order to determine whether any effects measured at the post-test would disappear immediately or endure in memory, the post-test was administered once again a week after the first. Another two-sample t-test also showed a significant remaining effect for the instruction used (df= 57, t= 2.53, p= 0.014).
Abedi Ardakani, M. (2000). Culture and Communication. Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature, 1(1), 112-138. doi: 10.29252/kavosh.2000.2161
MLA
Abedi Ardakani, M. . "Culture and Communication", Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature, 1, 1, 2000, 112-138. doi: 10.29252/kavosh.2000.2161
HARVARD
Abedi Ardakani, M. (2000). 'Culture and Communication', Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature, 1(1), pp. 112-138. doi: 10.29252/kavosh.2000.2161
CHICAGO
M. Abedi Ardakani, "Culture and Communication," Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature, 1 1 (2000): 112-138, doi: 10.29252/kavosh.2000.2161
VANCOUVER
Abedi Ardakani, M. Culture and Communication. Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature, 2000; 1(1): 112-138. doi: 10.29252/kavosh.2000.2161
)