The Manifestation of the ‘Rend’ Concept in Hafez’s Sonnets: A Schizoanalysis of Deleuze and Guattari

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Languages, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

10.29252/kavosh.2025.23145.3702

Abstract

The sonnets of Hafez, as one of the most sublime texts of Persian literature, possess a significant capacity for interdisciplinary and comparative interpretations with contemporary philosophical theories. Among the central concepts in Hafez's worldview, the concept of "Rend" (the Liberated Rogue) holds a pivotal position as a symbol of libertarianism, transgressing imposed norms and inhabiting indeterminate boundaries. The aim of this research is to examine the possibility of a critical reinterpretation of this concept through the lens of "Schizoanalysis", a theory proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari as an alternative to classical psychoanalysis and as a critique of hierarchical power structures. The core question is ‘What are the points of convergence between Hafez's "Rend" and the fundamental components of Schizoanalysis, such as desiring machines, the body without organs, deterritorialization, and multiplicity?’ as well as ‘How can the Rend's evasion of social norms be analyzed within this framework?’ This study employs a qualitative method and an interdisciplinary approach to analyze Hafez's sonnets. The findings reveal that Hafez's Rend is based on strategies such as the rejection of moral dualities, escape from norms, and transformation into a "war machine". It resists dominant systems and constructs a fluid, fragmented subject that dismantles fixed boundaries.

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References

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Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Volume 26, Issue 67 - Serial Number 67
January 2026
Pages 175-205

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